Psychoanalysis of a Family’s Entertainment Patterns

Analysis of a Family’s Entertainment Patterns List of chapters (Jump to) 1. Presentation 1.1 Family Demography 2. The Interview 2.1 Father 2.2 Mother 2.3 Son 2.4 Daughter 3. Overseeing Theories 3.1 Psychological Sketch of Family 4. End 5. References 1. Presentation The accompanying article revels into an investigation of the examples of TV and radio projects seen by a normal family. We set out to convey our examination by meeting a family in Sheffield. Subsequent to asking them inquiries like what they normally observe and for what reason do they see them we can attempt to develop a mental example of their diversion needs. This would then be able to be intertwined by different Psychological hypotheses, (for example, Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Id, Ego and Superego, Jean Piaget’s Four intellectual stages for a youngster, and Maslow’s Theory of Five Pyramidal Needs) and we will see the impact of media and condition on shopper conduct. 1.1 Family demography The test family talked with is of British Caucasian drop situated in Sheffield, United Kingdom. The Jenkins family is a normal lower-white collar class family with the two guardians holding down ordinary employments. Mr. Stuart Jenkins is 47 years of age and runs his own Public Relations firm, which he built up 3 years back subsequent to stopping a well paying activity at another organization. Mrs. Sarah Jenkins, 48 years old, functions as an independent Spanish interpreter with fantasies about setting up her own Translation Agency. The rest of the individuals from the family are 17 years of age Jamie Jenkins and 8 years of age Helen Jenkins. The meeting After a fundamental meeting, the accompanying information has been acclimatized about the review inclinations of the different relatives. I will attempt to order them: 2.1 Father Mr. Stuart Jenkins has a proclivity towards programs like Top Gear in view of his enthusiasm for quick and appealing vehicles. He has likewise been a sharp adherent of all football related broadcasts since first experience with the game at a youthful age by his dad. He particularly observes all Liverpool games and can't deal with a thrashing for his group. He likewise prefers to watch old works of art like Casablanca and believes the current yield of films to be a reason for sex and brutality. 2.2 Mother Mrs. Sarah Jenkins only occasionally finds the opportunity to kick back and watch a show as a result of her furious calendar and referenced that she generally just got bits of what her significant other and the children happened to watch. In any case, she attempts to follow the ‘Sex and the City’ and ‘Desperate Housewives’ series’, which she likes to see all alone. As indicated by her she distinguishes herself with Brie, invigorating her contention by saying that the protagonist’s careful nature for detail, fondness towards tidiness takes after and her preference for garments coordinates nearest to her. Also, these serials are regularly a subject of conversation among her companions. 2.3 Son Jamie is keen on the late shows on VH1 for that is the point at which the channel pretense a huge number of Rock/Grunge music †the music he and his companions tune in to. He additionally constantly follows the happenings on The OC and likes to observe Pro Wrestling. He believes his decision to be his way of life and preferences the insubordinate idea of Ryan. 2.4 Daughter Helen wants to watch MTV since she believes that popular music is ‘cool’ and announces Christina Aguilera to be her coach. She saw Christina Aguilera at the MTV Music Awards and concluded that she was exceptionally skilled and was deserving of being made a good example. She additionally prefers to watch The OC, Hollyoakes, The Simpsons, and Family Guy among other teenager cleansers with her sibling since it causes her to feel grown up. 3. Governing Theories Freudian Theory of Id, Ego, Superego: According to Sigmund Freud, the Father of present day analysis, the human psyche is isolated into three sections relying on the degrees of mindfulness. Without a doubt the inner mind is named the ‘Id’ which in Latin methods ‘Itself’. This piece of the mind manages the basic needs of looking for delight and staying away from torment. The ‘Superego’, additionally called ‘I’, is contained in the cognizance just as the sub awareness, and is the focal point all things considered and values, which are gotten from the ideas of good and bad, instructed in our adolescence by our folks. The ‘Superego’ and the ‘Id’ are in a consistent condition of contention, with the ‘Superego’ attempting to offset the ‘Id’. The ‘Ego’ is contained in the cognizance and is affected by the cultural principles around us. It has the unenviable occupation of atte mpting to adjust both the ‘Superego’ and ‘Id’. Being a piece of the awareness, it contains the procedures sensible thinking and critical thinking, and uses these apparatuses to fulfill the ‘Id’s’ base needs inside the restrictions of the ‘Superego’. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Abraham Maslow, an understudy of Jung, proposed the generally eminent Theory of Hierarchy of Needs, which expresses that inside each individual exists a pyramidal structure of five needs. These are, individually: Physiological Needs (hunger, thirst, closeness) Requirement for safe house or wellbeing Requirement for social acknowledgment and having a place Requirement for regard and consideration Requirement for self-actualisation or self satisfaction As per Maslow, when a need is satisfied, the following need gets predominant. Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Stages: Jean Piaget was a kid therapist who proposed the now generally held hypothesis of consecutive development of psychological stages. He clarified that an individual fathoms all the data that fits into his set up perspective on the world. At the point when confronted with data that is absurd to expect to opening into that perspective on the world, the individual needs to reexamine his perspective on the world to oblige the data. Piaget portrayed four phases of a child’s subjective advancement as follows: Sensorimeter (Birth to age 2) †During this stage, the youngster finds out about herself and her environmental factors through sensations and developments. She discovers that an article doesn't stop to exist essentially on the grounds that it is out of the range of her detects. Preoperational (First discourse to about age 7) †The kid is currently ready to consider things regardless of whether they are not quickly present. Anyway she despite everything experiences issues in understanding the idea of time. She lives in a type of a dream and changes any info data in her psyche to all the more likely suit her needs. Concrete (About first grade to pre-adulthood) †The youngster starts to figure out how to think uniquely and handle solid thoughts, figuring out how to excuse them. She begins to pose inquiries after normally handling data. Formal Operation (puberty) †This is the last psychological stage. The youngster builds up the capacity of theoretical and deductive thinking 3.1 Psychological Sketch of Family Father Stuart Jenkins would appear to follow the Freudian Theory of Id, Ego and Superego. He quit his place of employment and set up a business hoping to find real success. In any case, he has not figured out how to cause his firm to perform to his desires. His Id wants all the marvelousness and advantages that accompany an effective way of life, yet he can't satisfy this need in his current circumstance, and feels a staggering feeling of insufficiency. In this manner, his Ego fulfills the Id’s driving forces and encourages him to overlook his troublesome obligations by concentrating on that indication of achievement †a glimmering new vehicle. His fascination towards vehicles can likewise be driven by the general idea that vehicle are related with Masculinity. His affection for football can be followed back to his dad, who acquainted him with the game. His affection for the game could be a molded reaction imparted by his adoration for his dad. It helps too that the social arrangement that he is in, believes football to be a ‘manly’ game and hence it causes Stuart to reaffirm his masculinity to himself. A Liverpool triumph turns into a triumph for Stuart himself, and a thrashing only his very own token disappointment. Stuart is a model purchaser, and his image devotion to the films of his age is obvious. Any type of media is available to recognition and any message could contain at least one potential ‘readings’. Stuart rejects more up to date films since it appears to affront his sensibilities, and he sees them to be ruining factors. Mother Sarah is by all accounts the normal lady customer for whom the house is as much a work environment as her office. While Stuart returns from work to a night of relaxation, Sarah despite everything has work gone out. The social generalizing and the subsequent obtained methods of manly and female subjectivities leave her with brief period to have the option to kick back and observe some TV. In any case, she doesn't appear to mind it much and approves of getting a couple of grabs of the different demonstrates that happen to be on. This reaffirms the consumerist study that the man of the family has significantly more power over the substance of the TV than the woman. In any case, Sarah is incomplete towards ‘Sex and the City’ and ‘Desperate housewives’, conceivably in light of the fact that she relates to a portion of the characters like Brie, who are autonomous of any ties. She presumably wants to observe alone to encounter some invented sentiments of opportunit y from marriage, and feel somewhat nearer to the screen characters. While the Superego discloses to her that it isn't right to have such emotions, her Id drives her on. It takes the Ego to channel all her dim emotions into an idealist dream. The dream somehow or another satisfies her requirement for having a place, according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Child Jamie is by all accounts an ordinary young person, fascinated by the worldwide mantra of commercialization. With the consumerist society proclaiming the renegade as the new ‘cool’, rock and grunge are def

Nutrition Case Studies :: Health Nutrition Pyramid Diet

It would be ideal if you read the accompanying contextual analyses and answer the inquiries which tail them. The inquiries may have a few right answers; I am hoping to check whether you have placed some idea into the task and that you give exact data in your reactions. If it's not too much trouble email your responses to me by June 24. On the off chance that you have any inquiries regarding this task, if you don't mind email me before June 24. Contextual analysis 1 Randy, age 36, and his entire family love football. They love to play football and to watch football. Randy played football in school, however since he has an occupation at a law office working numerous hours, he just plays sometimes on a Saturday. In school he was fit as a fiddle and could eat anything he needed. Presently he just doesn’t make it to the rec center that frequently and has lost muscle and has been putting on some weight. He is around 6 feet and weighs 250. Randy and his family likewise love â€Å"meat and potatoes† type food. Toward the end of the week they frequently grill ribs and burgers that are washed down with a few lagers. During the week, Randy gets espresso and a doughnut while in transit to work and goes to lunch with customers at different eateries. His significant other as a rule cooks dinnerâ€just like his mother used to. He realizes that he has been putting on some weight yet he despite everything feels quite great. A couple of years back his cousin was determined to have colorectal malignant growth. As of late Randy’s father was likewise determined to have colorectal disease. This makes Randy somewhat apprehensive and he thinks about whether there is whatever he can do to forestall or bring down his odds of getting disease too. 1. Do you imagine that Randy is in danger for colorectal malignant growth? Why or why not?      Randy is at rish for colorectal malignant growth. While it appraises that the commitment of the enviornment in individuals with colon malignant growth is 65%, the other 35% is hereditary variables, and Randy's cousin, and father have been analyzed. 2. What dietary counsel would you give Randy?      Most sorts of malignancies are identified with variables, for example, high fat and liquor admissions, Randy presentations both of these characteristics. His fundamentals type food is high in fat, just as the doughnut he has each day on his approach to work. The snacks out ordinarily at resturants I'm certain are not the most solid decisions he could be making also.

Income Smoothing and Big Bath free essay sample

The bookkeeping writing gives wide proof that supervisors use attentiveness in fiscal summaries for deliberate changes of profit figures past the valid and reasonable view (Leuz et al. 2003, refered to by U. Schaffer et al. , 2012). There are two techniques which are Income Smoothing and Big Bath. â€Å"Income Smoothing includes finding a way to decrease the great years and concede them for use during the business down-turn years† (Gin Chong, 2006). In correlation, Big Bath control in the money related insights demonstrates an incredible variance. Be that as it may, Income Smoothing is more moral in bookkeeping practice than Big Bath because of the reasons looked at beneath. Salary Smoothing has been applied in money related bookkeeping as a result of its worth. From the outset, an organization utilizes it as a strategy to dodge a huge drop in its stake cost because of missing a foreordained objective. This technique can be accomplished in the yearly money related detailing by bookkeeping measures, such as postponing current commercials charge from the current to the approaching time frame, or picking up the arrangement of courses of action of terrible obligations. We will compose a custom article test on Pay Smoothing and Big Bath or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Supervisors at times need to do this; they roll out a piece improvement on the budget reports so as to stay away from a conspicuous market response in a specific period. Moreover, if a company’s creating line varies much of the time all over, its partners and directors will lose their enthusiasm or trust over the long haul. A staggering 96. 9% of the study respondents demonstrate that they incline toward a smooth profit path(Graham et al. , 2005, refered to by Tucker and Zarowin, 2006). By and large, the executives looks to have a consistent and unsurprising developing rate, with the expectation that the market will connect smooth profit with lower hazard and higher stock costs and directors may by and by advantage if motivating force plans reward smoother income. Finally, the hypothesis of Income Smoothing is reasonable to the present social pattern. Thusly, it is viewed as an innovative bookkeeping strategy and has been broadly applied in the organization activity. In spite of the fact that Income Smoothing has a couple of favorable circumstances, Big Bath is likewise moral practically speaking and one generally refered to motivation for Big Bath conduct is an adjustment in the executives. A Big Bath is an approach to fault earlier administration for issues when there is an administration change. Earlier research shows proof predictable with approaching officials overseeing accumulations to diminish profit in the time of the change with a turnaround in winning the next year. Other than this, with enormous conduct, the board defers acknowledgment of optional misfortunes and afterward takes them when profit are underneath benchmarks. In outline, Income Smoothing is a more moral practice than Big Bath since it is applied all the more generally for three reasons, meeting the gauges, welcome by directors and well-suited to social patterns. On one hand, pay smoothing could be broadly embraced by organization supervisors to experience money related emergency in a specific period. Then again, directors ought to work inside the legitimate and moral limits, simultaneously, they ought to embrace a procedure that could efficiently subvert the nature of money related revealing and control bookkeeping data.

The Benetton Group Essay Example For Students

The Benetton Group Essay Benetton, the world well known apparel maker, by and by plunges into social issues that the United States may not be prepared for. The Italy based gathering is notable for their stunning world issue commercials that solitary bear the organization logo. Truth be told, Benettons notices generally don't include the garments it sells; just the issues assume the lead job. Following quite a while of contention over advertisements, for example, AIDS, war, interracial connections, and clerics kissing nuns, it might be the ideal opportunity for Benetton to battle about some different option from questionable social issues, similar to garments. On January 1, 2000, Benettons new publicizing effort wasnt about sweaters or jeans, yet about sentenced killers that are waiting for capital punishment. The death row advertisements highlight pictures of American death row detainees in jail outfits with the trademark Sentenced to Death. The promotions give the prisoners name, date of birth, wrongdoing, and anticipated strategy for execution. Inside the battle, prisoners likewise talk about subjects extending from their adolescence to their fantasies, everything with the exception of their casualties. As indicated by CNN, casualties rights advocates are offended just as are the people that lost friends and family to the profiled detainees. By and by, Benetton is confronted with another debate that could maybe compound their effectively poor US piece of the overall industry. As per the New York Stock Exchange, where The Benetton Group is traded on an open market, it appears that the organization has lost more than ten dollars for each offer since their pinnacle of 50 15/16 in January.This diminishing could be credited to numerous things, yet maybe the most noteworthy was the February declaration that Sears would promptly pull Benetton structured garments from every one of the 400 of its stores that had been selling the Benetton USA line. The Benetton USA line was explicitly intended for Sears when the two organizations joined the previous summer to present another line of youngsters, children, and mens clothing. Disturbed by the battle, Sears renegotiated its agreement with Benetton to pick up the option to see future Benetton advertisement crusades. An amended provision in the agreement additionally enabled Sears to pull back from the arrangement without punishment if the two gatherings couldn't concede to future battles, as indicated by CNN. Despite these changes, the debate was unreasonably huge for Sears to overlook because of the many purchaser protests that filled the store after the crusade discharged. As indicated by the February 21, 2000 article in Advertising Age, a Sears representative said the chain aligned itself with Benetton in light of the fact that We thought they were past that and had gone to a point where they were keen on selling stock. The entire scene is sad, for the people in question, for Sears and for Benetton. We will compose a custom article on The Benetton Group explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Nonetheless, Sears isn't the just one making a move against the organization. As indicated by CNN, it was declared on February 10, 2000 that the territory of Missouri was suing Benetton for promotions highlighting death row detainees that dwell in Missouri jails. Missouri asserts that the organization misled the state when it utilized the death row detainees as a feature of its advertisement crusade. The state thought the detainees were being met for a venture supported by the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. Furthermore, as indicated by the February 19, 2000 article in The Economist, a Benetton representative in New York conceded that installment was made to two prisoners for the rights to their similarity. The state blames Benetton for false deception, trespass by misdirection and trespass by surpassing the extent of assent. In spite of the fact that the issues with Sears and Missouri could have essentially diminished the general estimation of Benetton, the reality remains that customers at last choose the destiny of an organization by whether they shop there. It appears that sources, for example, CNN, Wall Street Journal, and Advertising Age, among others, have addressed US buyer responses to the new promotion battle. Generally speaking, it isn't being acknowledged well in the United States and an effectively feeble market will keep on debilitating as long as Benetton won't change its US publicizing methods. As indicated by the Washington Post, Benetton is remaining by its crusade. Indeed, its US chief of interchanges expressed, once more, its exceptionally difficult for individuals to perceive what were doing and comprehend that its

IT for Business Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the IT for Business of Travel and Tourism. Answer: Presentation Business Technology has reformed manners by which organization is lead their organizations. Independent ventures should execute The Business Technology just as make everything fair with huge number of associations. Regularly organizations use administration PCs individual advanced items and sites for creating upper hands in financial commercial center. Thusly, Information Technology has a perfect effect over every single business using any and all means or medium. The examination subsequently investigates effect of IT on a business which has a place with the travel industry segment in this investigation. The association picked for achieving the examination is TripAdvisor and the impacts of utilizing data innovation on this specific organization are being introduced in the survey. Effect of IT on business of TripAdvisor So as to consolidate IT in the travel industry business of TripAdvisor, the administration needs to evaluate the expense of the usage stage through distributing sufficient spending plan for this strategy. Then again, insufficiency of spending plan can cause impediments in the usage phase of IT in business. Legitimate arranging and structuring of IT framework is expected to improve the nature of the site of TripAdvisor. A worthwhile plan of the site can help in drawing in the clients to experience the highlights and accreditations of the site (Beaudry et al. 2010). Then again, portion and acquisition of fundamental IT types of gear is imperative to apply IT for making reasonable improvement in the business range. The period of IT establishment can be viewed as the most vital period of actualizing IT to a business as brief slip-up in this part can lead the whole exertion to vanity that just not will squander the assets of the organization yet in addition will harm the brand character ( Chaffey et al. 2010). The administrations should be introduced deliberately in adherence with the standards of intranet and web framework. The part of preparing is significant for TripAdvisor as the organization needs to prepare the workers with impeccable instructional meetings to empower them to work the IT system of the association for forestalling breakdown and making progress (Tripadvisor.mediaroom.com, 2017). TripAdvisor utilize both intranet and web framework in business as the utilization of IT in inward and outside purposes has helped the association to acquire most extreme capability and time adequacy in business execution (Thong et al. 2011). The inward structure of work in this association is created through IT as the representatives use intranet office to convey and help the clients to set up an arrangement of a visit. Then again, the outer partners like clients are additionally connected with the web framework secured by TripAdvisor. The organization utilizes the IT framework to ventilate the accessible administrations to the clients alongside an arrangement for the clients to present their administration buy demand through the web framework (Martins, 2011). The IT framework is additionally utilized by TripAdvisor to recognize the input of the clients about the administration nature of the association for encouraging further upgrades in administration through IT framework. This as sociation utilizes IT to direct the business for bringing about speed and reasonable realism in the authoritative reason for keeping up interior adherence with outside business improvement. The fuse of IT in the matter of TripAdvisor has acquired the way for focal points in the matter of the travel industry the board. Its utilization can improve the age of income through controlling the put cost in business programming. Its utilization empowers the association to finish the undertaking with less workers through the IT frameworks though the reserve funds from representative pay can assist the organization with gaining additional advantage (Lu, 2011). The workforce structure can be made adaptable through remembering IT for the matter of the travel industry as the utilization of web framework empowers the organization to carry enhanced highlights and simple openness to the clients. Its utilization encourages TripAdvisor to diminish the expense of manual business to benefit the unwinding of decreased expense of creation of administrations. The utilization of IT framework helps in upgrading the correspondence among inside and outer partners to cultivate sheer viability in bu siness reason (Robert et al. 2011). The sharing of data turns out to be simple through IT framework as mechanical progression assists with sharing the data about various the travel industry bundles and friends strategies can be uncovered with the utilization of web. Its utilization helps TripAdvisor to empower computerized errands through sparing significant time with upgraded edge of administration creation. The principle chance in utilizing IT in business is the exceptional degeneration of relational correspondence that ruins the intelligible workplace of TripAdvisor. Its utilization regularly builds the expense of business support that can make issues to arrange the travel industry business with progress (Holtshouse, 2013). Its consolidation brings the danger of security issues in an association as TripAdvisor needs to plan scrambled security estimations to make sure about the site from being hacked through unapproved access for control of important data. The information security is a dynamic issue that joins the consideration of IT in business range. The danger of protection is critical for IT arranged business as the organization participates in an impulse to take unique estimations against infection and malware assault to keep up the security of the authoritative data. The association needs to take serious assurance about the issues of sharing the authoritative data to the outsiders however the entrance of the site (Davenport, 2013). The unapproved ventilation of the travel industry information should be forestalled by TripAdvisor to keep up the administrative resolutions about keeping intelligence with the information secrecy process. The phishing stunt is another potential hazard related with IT use for an association as the encroaching of phishing substance can harm the trustworthiness and solidarity of the site of TripAdvisor. TripAdvisor can secure a stock of the framework conventions to deal with the IT procedure without any difficulty. The improvement of control change procedure can likewise assist the association with managing the IT situated framework with absolute capability (Ramirez et al. 2010). Then again, TripAdvisor should know about the measures so as to keep up full consistence with the standards and resolutions of the guidelines. The conditions should be accounted unequivocally for legitimate support of the IT framework in the travel industry. TripAdvisor can utilize log way to screen the IT frameworks to discover the disparities for additional improvement. The association can likewise utilize programming to screen the framework for following the exhibition of the site through legitimate circulation of the assets. The SNMP access can be utilized to gather important information about the IT framework to screen the working of the site (Lee et al. 2010). Then again, the utilization of Management Information Base can likewise be basic for TripAdvisor so as to get successful administration of IT framework. The utilization of hostile to malware programming can help in dealing with the IT arrangement of the organization though productive checking of the use and limit of system can likewise help TripAdvisor to oversee and improve the business with the assistance of perfect IT frameworks. The travel industry area comprehensively stands up to the utilization of data innovation in the vital arrangements of advertising. Under showcasing pro through internet based life are promotions Information Technology has been seen to break greatest arrangements with the travel industry (Willcocks, 2013). it is even distinguished that travel industry productively support just as screens the data innovation. On their names of advancing the offers and limits under the organization TripAdvisor, they introduce particular mechanisms of data innovation so as to pass on their special exercises to clients. Along these lines by propelling a few methods for data innovation they are inclined to Grab immense fascination of the clients or visitors particularly in slow times of year (Wagner, Beimborn Weitzel, 2014). End From the previously mentioned report it very well may be upheld that the significance of IT and is staggering and should be all around educated in order to keep up the help of the association and the away from of the association as far as the vehicle and the travel industry is accomplished. Above all it is obviously observed that the advancement of the association depends on its best possible usage and the checking of those framework executed in the association. Its need and the correct overseeing of the considerable number of assets gave by data innovation in the field of transport and the travel industry are of huge significance and should be appropriately assessed to create legitimate field of correspondence and more noteworthy improvement of the general public. Suggestion Smooth activity of an association depends on legitimate comprehension of the circumstance. It is fundamental that the smooth administration of the association are better redesigned with the establishment of the product that denotes the smooth development of the association. It tends to be bolstered that the administration of the association regarding travel and the travel industry should be updated in legitimate sense in order to accumulate appropriate data about the activity of the association. The establishment of the IT division in the general public of movement and the travel industry would help the administration of the association in more prominent overseeing of the requests of the traveler requesting the proposal. References Beaudry, A., Pinsonneault, A. (2010). The opposite side of acknowledgment: contemplating the immediate and roundabout impacts of feelings on data innovation use.MIS quarterly, 689-710. Chaffey, D

Research Proposal Cafes in New Zealand An Issue To Study - 1925 Words

A Research Proposal: Cafes in New Zealand: An Issue To Study (Research Proposal Sample) Content: Cafes in New Zealand: An Issue To StudyA Research ProposalBy: (your name and student number)Major: Marketing and SalesDate: (The date of printing this paper)Word Count: (1500)Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Table of contentsii1.0Introduction11.1Back ground of Cafe Industry11.2Background of the Targeted Cafe12.0Research Questions32.1The Problem for the Organization32.2Reason that Demands this Research32.3Questions to be Asked33.0Methodology of the Research43.1Introduction43.2Sources of Secondary Data43.2.1List of Literature Databases43.2.2List of Search Terms43.2.3Bibliography for the Important Resources53.3Primary method of Collecting Data53.3.1Targeted Areas53.3.2The Plan for Execution53.3.3Methods to Collect Data53.3.4Sequential Process of Collecting Data53.4Expectations from the Methodology63.5Constraints for the Methodology63.6Considerations on an Ethical Ground64.0Literature Review74.1Location7HYPERLINK \l "_Toc349116786"4.2Importance of Food Quality, Service, and Ambiance....................................74.3Need of a Good Business Plan.....................................................................75.0References86.0Appendix91.0IntroductionThe current research proposal has its focus on conducting effective research and surveys in the flourishing business sector of cafes in New Zealand. Multiple surveys have been conducted for several years to understand the provider-consumer relationship, the sales and marketing strategies adapted by different organizations, the growth of the industry, the competitiveness within it, and the possible tactics for survival. Therefore, it is very normal that research should be conducted on the sales and marketing aspects of this industry in New Zealand.1.1Background of Cafe IndustryThis business sector is one of the those fields that have a healthy percentage of employees belonging to the age group of under 25 years. Another unique characteristic of this sector is that almost 60% of its employees are wom en. Market researchers and economic experts believe that cafes will hugely contribute to the employment growth of New Zealand in the coming years. The fact is that the strategic growth of this industry has resulted in the presence of countless cafes across many regions. In the present day, one can find multiple cafes in a congested area.1.2Background of the Targeted CafeThe target organization is a cafe located in the heart of Auckland. This is a solo organization, founded in the year of 2010. Its primary aim was to provide top quality food and beverages to the consumers. The cafe has a typical organizational structure and methodology. It includes a cafe manager, cafe workers, waiters, chefs, and cooks. These employees, numbering in a total of 43, have specific role in the organizational profile. But all these services are interrelated. With over 6 years of experience in this sector, this cafe is extremely flexible to any kind of positive change.2.0Research Questions2.1Problem for t he OrganizationThe issue of competition is the main concern. But, this cafe has not developed any strong strategy for sales and marketing. As a result, this company is facing a decreased statement in its business profit. The organization has confined its services only within the area of its presence. It has caused this cafe to face a survival problem in this competitive market.2.2Reason that Demands this ResearchRecently, this cafe suffered from a huge shock. A new cafe, located in the adjoining area, suddenly attracted immense consumer attention mainly because of the unique marketing strategy that organization developed. The customer base of this cafe started to shift from this one to the other one. This huge problem alerted this organization and compelled it to collect information to find out a possible solution.2.3Questions to be AskedThe research will focus on four major questions of issue. These are: * What do the consumers expect from a cafe? * What does the employees think a bout the working environment and organizational structure? * What are the deficiencies in the marketing strategy of the cafe? * What are the possible marketing solutions that can contribute to the growth of sales?3.0Methodology of the ResearchThe research adopts a mixed-method strategy. It will make use of secondary and primary sources for collecting relevant data.3.1IntroductionThis stage will help to critically and effectively determine the resources to be used for gathering data. Since, data is the most important factor in analyzing a situation. This stage will play a vital role in the conduction of the proposed research.3.2Sources of the Secondary Data3.2.1List of the Literature DatabasesIt will be better to use multiple databases to collect data from. AHCI, EconLit, InformIT, JSTOR , Corelist.co.nz are the databases to be utilized during the research. These databases provide in-depth knowledge and relevant statistics for the topic I chose to research.3.2.2List of the Search Te rmsIn order to find out relevant information for use, I would like to use multiple search terms like cafe business in New Zealand, problems of cafe business in New Zealand, marketing policies in the cafe industry, sales behaviour in the cafe industry, solutions to marketing deficiencies. These terms will surely help me to gather relevant information.3.2.3Bibliography of the Important ResourcesRidley, D. (2008). The Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Guide for Students. London: Sage PublicationsMachi, L.A., McEvoy, B.T. (2009). The Literature Review:ÂSix Steps to Success. California: Crowin PressZie, L. A., Carroll. (2009, January 21). Bone Rattlers Bar Grill business plan.Retrieved from: http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/590/3.3Primary Method of Collecting Data3.3.1Targeted AreasCollection of the primary data will be derived from multiple sources. The key targets will be the consumers, the employees of the cafes, at least 25 cafe owners, and at least 30 common people who are not related to this industry. These four groups are interrelated. Therefore, it will be significant to register their views and gather information from them in order to critically analyze the mechanism of this industry.3.3.2The Plan for ExecutionI will adapt a sequential strategy in order to gather information. I will first ask the employees about the services of the cafes, and the work culture within those organizations. Then I will validate those data by questioning the consumers.3.3.3Methods to Collect DataThe data will be gathered through simple process. It will be done through multiple interviewing sessions. This will be done individually in the first step, and then it will be conducted by forming groups. We will also attempt to collect physical records of sales and productivity.3.3.4Sequential Method of Collecting DataThe questions of the interview sessions will be mainly based on an organizational and behavioural analysis. Primarily, questions will be a sked seeking light personal information from the participants. The second set of question will inquire the interest of the participants in the services provided by the cafes. The final lot of questions will include complicated issues like organizational behaviour, working environments, sales status, marketing policies, possible improvements.3.4Expectations from the MethodologyThese are my assumptions from the research methodology: * Respondents will feel that the survey questions are not typical. * Participants will feel relaxed and find the researcher friendly. * Respondents will not hesitate to answer freely. * Respondents will realize the importance of the issue. * Participants will try to provide relevant information. * The researcher will be able to gather enough data.3.5Constraints for the MethodologyThe research might suffer from the following constraints: * Focus on only one type of industry. * Inability to gather enough mathematical data or statistics. Lack of financial da ta. * Doubt on the ability to create enough spark in the respondents regarding this particular issue.3.6Considerations on an Ethical GroundThe main ethical consideration is that both the consumers and the business owners are suffering from this issue. The research structure has not discriminated among any level of individual and employee. People from all level of social background will be included in this research. It will also seek help from every type of employee in a cafe. For more information on these types, see appendix.4.0Literature ReviewThe cafe industry is basically a collection of individual cafes (Kim, Dalbor, Feinstein, 2007). But most of the...

College Admissions Stress

College Admissions Stress January 3, 2013 Are you a student or the parent of a student with college admissions stress? If you just finished up getting your applications in at the deadline, chances are youre feeling a bit of relief. But you know that relief will be short-lived as in just a few days (or hopefully longer weeks), your worrying will pick up again. Youll start to think, Did I have a typo in my personal statement? Or Did I answer a question incorrectly on the Common App? Or maybe Did I totally write a bad response to the Why College essay? There will be a ton of Monday morning quarterbacking, especially if you waited until the last minute and, well, didnt have Ivy Coach helping you through the entire process. College admissions stress has increased in the 21st century because of how admissions decisions are delivered. Facebook doesnt help either. Some think that the college admissions process has only gotten more stressful over the years. Some say that because admission rates are lower and lower every year that its that much more stressful because the odds of getting in are that much lower. Keep in mind that admission to highly selective universities doesnt necessarily become more and more competitive each year just because admission rates drop. Additional unqualified students who apply dont make it more difficult to get in and more and more colleges reach out to unqualified applicants to boost their selectivity. But the college admissions process is getting more stressful because of things like Facebook. When students get in (or dont get inor get waitlisted), they often post their college admissions decision as a status update on Facebook. As a high school student waiting to hear back from colleges, learning of ones peers admissions decisions via Facebook is very stressful. And its not something that high school students in the 20th century had to deal with. Back in the 20th century, students used to also learn of their college admissions decisions by opening their mailbox (their physical mailbox by their home). Now, students learn by logging in online or through email notifications. Often times, students arent at home when they learn of their decision and this too adds to the stress of the college admissions process. If you know youre going to be receiving word from a college or colleges, we always recommend being at home so that you can deal with all of the emotions that come with the deci sion by yourself rather than around potentially competitive friends.

Environment Essay Alternative Fuels are the Solution to...

The environment is a hotly debated topic in todays society. Some of the subtopics that are going to be discussed are going to be those related to the way technology is changing, what industries are doing to help prevent further pollution, some of the methods used in paper recycling, and some discussion of renewable energy sources. For the most part, this section of the research paper, unlike the other sections, is going to attempt to discuss some of the ways the public has been dealing with, and are finding new ways to deal with environmental problems that we are presently facing. nbsp; There are currently three main sources of pollution: they are, water pollution, waste pollution, and air pollution. Of these three forms of†¦show more content†¦nbsp; In addition to factory emissions, auto emission pollutants have also been reduced by the use of a tool that has been around for quite some time, the catalytic converter. Because gasoline is not completely utilized upon combustion, many toxic gases are able to escape in the form of exhaust. A catalytic converter is a box-like device that is placed somewhere in the exhaust system between the point of exhaust release from the engine, to the actual release of the exhaust to the environment. A catalytic converter works by transforming harmful gases through a series of chemical reactions to essentially non-harmful gases. Catalytic converters have been proven to be very beneficial in reducing the amount of harmful gases released into the atmosphere. nbsp; Instead of just trying to reduce auto emissions, car companies are also researching alternative fuel sources. The most popular forms of alternative fuels currently are electricity, which can be harnessed directly in the form of solar energy from the sun and stored in batteries, or natural gas which is a much cleaner burning gas. nbsp; In addition to wanting to know what was being done to prevent the air from becoming more polluted, students also wanted to know something about recycling, and what methods are used to turn old waste into new products. Many reused paper products are normally turned into cardboard boxes and tissue products. Rarely isShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Acceptance Speech For The 2013 Ridenhour Courage Prize 1472 Words   |  6 PagesChina’s air pollution problems have been raised. The environmental problems have become one of the global realistic matters nowadays urging people to ponder the way of their living and producing. In the article â€Å"Acceptance Speech for the 2013 Ridenhour Courage Prize†, climatologist James Hansen states the importance of his solution to climate change under the threats by the exploitation of fossil fuels on Earth. He stresses that the collection of a carbon fee from the fossil fuel companies will distributeRead MoreSustainable Environm ent; Engineering Solutions Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesproducing more pollutants. The most common pollutants in transportation are nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulpher dioxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matters. This essay will examine the impacts on human health, the environment, and even the economy that have resulted from these pollutants. It will then evaluate some of the solutions that have been put forward to reduce these harmful emissions. The increase in number of vehicles The situation is that the growth in world population, with the newRead More Biofuels Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesrecent years environmental problems, especially the use of fossil fuels, has become one of the most commonly debated issues. It is widely known that fossil fuels are non-renewable resources and the use of fossil fuels harm the environment, such as the combustion process of fossil fuels that leads to global warming. However, current societies are still dependent on fossil fuels. Because of the environmental problems and in order to decrease the wide-ranging consumption of fossil fuels, researches argueRead MoreThe World After Running Out Of Fossil Fuels Would Be A1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe world after running out of fossil fuels would be a horrible place for living. life would be hard and harsh. This is the case for us if we couldn’t find new energy resources. Nowadays, many countries are reliant on energy from conventional sources like crude oil, natural gas , and coal. These sources are limited and they eventually will run out at some point in the future. Considering this fact and increasing demands for energy, the search for new energy resources is reasonable and it should beRead MoreThe Green Economy Has Received Significant International Attention Over Recent Years1157 Words   |  5 Pagesfor carbon emissions and environmental changes. To put this another way, lots of people have significantly attention about that situation, because the rate of pollution and other causes for damaging the environment to be higher than before, which is arrived to threaten levels about their health, food and water resources. Malaysia is one of these countries that are caused by those reasons and it tried moving towards green developments and looking for alternative solutions. â€Å"The concept of the greenRead MoreClimate change and society Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿LSGI1B02 Climate Change and Society Second draft Name : Suen Ching Yi Student ID : 14101226D Topic : In considering solutions to the problem of global warming, state whether you agree with the statement by Tickell ((1996), in Houghton, Chapter 8 p.253) â€Å"Mostly we know what to do but we lack the will to do it†. Give reasoned arguments in support of your opinion. Global warming is the topic that increasingly occuipies the attention of world. Is it really happening?Read MoreSolutions to Eliminate the Threats of Global Warming1595 Words   |  6 Pagesis the biggest threat to Earth, as we know it, and scientists are universal in their conclusions: this problem is here, it is growing, and only new science can stop its expansion. The threat of global warming is an elusive one, because there has never been a precedent for humanity being able to change its own environment until the spark of the Industrial Revolution. The burning of fossil fuels, which are essential to most forms of human power, releases carbon atoms into the air. (Bird, 1) CarbonRead MoreEnvironmental Engineering And Its Alternative Technologies719 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Engineering in Our Society Giselle Medrano â€Æ' Environmental Engineering Giselle Medrano Sixth Grade Abstract Environmental engineering is a broad field that is used to improve environmental conditions. It is pursued with different types of engineering and sciences. I will be talking about several things in my essay. First, I will introduce the essay by discussing the history of environmental engineering and its alternative technologies. Second, I will go deeper into the descriptionRead MoreThe Environmental Crisis Of Kenya And The United Nations Framework On Environmental Change1453 Words   |  6 Pages The environmental crisis is the biggest crisis of our time, climate change, scarcity of fresh water and bio diversity loss are just a few of the problems caused by the environmental crisis. National and international organizations try combat the dire effects of the environmental crisis like The Green Belt Movement in Kenya and The United Nations framework on Environmental Change, they create initiatives like sustainable development but they have not succeeded. My essay will intr oduce myRead MoreWritten Assignment : Three Environmental Problems1184 Words   |  5 PagesENVS1301 | Unit 7 | Written Assignment | Three Environmental Problems pg. 1 Three Environmental Problems UoPeople Student (Anonymous for Peer Review) Introduction to Environmental Sciences/1301 Kamala Dorsner (Instructor) University of the People August 5, 2015 ENVS1301 | Unit 7 | Written Assignment | Three Environmental Problems pg. 2 Three Environmental Problems If I was in a position of governmental power, the top three environmental problems I would focus on would be shifting to renewable energy

Sustainability, Protection And The Preservation Of The...

As we look back upon history, we have considered our planet to have a never ending supply of resources that humans need in order to satisfy their needs and wants. However, if you look at the world recently, humans have started to realize that these resources aren’t unlimited and have started thinking about sustainability, protection and the preservation of the environment. Looking at the limited supply of natural resources and the increasing utilization due to the growing population and consumption, if we do not come up with a solution to this global environmental crisis, the over depletion of resources will be ongoing which will jeopardize the standard of living for future generations. Natural calamities, droughts, decreasing clean water supply, air pollution, and increasing global temperatures will all continue unless we start taking action immediately. For example, smog that was caused by air pollution in China led to water contamination for natives in China which led to wi ld life disruption with oil spills (Black,2007). According to theorists in the readings, development and underdevelopment are both caused by environmental situations. Economic development and environment issues are interrelated issues that need to be looked at together and that development processes degrade the environment which eventually can undermine economic development (WCED, 1987:3). Sustainability stipulates the situations under which individuals and environment can survive efficiently as aShow MoreRelated The University and Environmental Preservation786 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Preservation Caring for the environment has traditionally been thought of as a responsibility of environmental organizations such as Greenpeace or the Sierra Club. Universities have never been thought of as the leaders of environmental preservation—until now. Since universities are looked upon with high regard, many people including President Baker of Cal Poly, feel that it is the responsibility of the university to set an example of how the environment is respectedRead MoreHunting Is Not Only Sustainable1464 Words   |  6 Pagesplays a critical role in wildlife conservation. In today’s world, sustainability is very important to politicians, environmental groups, and the public alike. People today are more conscious of the need to protect the environment than in the past, so there is a general push for sustainability in all fields. Despite the general agreement that sustainability is important, different groups have different reasons for achieving sustainability. For example, industries may attempt to be sustainable so thatRead MoreEnvironmental And Social Sustainability Tourism Management Practices1448 Words   |  6 Pages1. Executive Summary The purpose of this report was to investigate and critically review the environmental and social sustainability tourism management practices in the Philippines. All the information provided in this report involves secondary market research method, which was acquired from the internet, academic journals and books. 2. Introduction Tourism is one of the biggest industrial sectors in the world and has been growing rapidly during the last half a century. Currently travel andRead MoreSustainability And Its Impact On Sustainability1169 Words   |  5 Pageswhat sustainability is? Sustainability could be defined as an ability or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself. It’s about taking what we need to live now, without jeopardizing the potential for people in the future to meet their needs. If an activity is said to be sustainable, it should be able to continue forever. what sets it apart from simply â€Å"environmentalism† or â€Å"environmental protection† Sustainability, in contrast to the environmentalism, represents the idea that humanRead MoreSustainability Multiple Choice Questions1540 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 23 Multiple Choice Questions Name: ____________________________________________________________ 1) The term sustainability refers to ________. A) maintaining resource use at current or higher levels B) keeping the natural environment and human society in a happy, healthy and functional state C) holding or increasing the current quality of human life D) always focusing on fulfilling short‑term needs E) opposing change from currentRead MoreSustainability Model As A Way Of Conceptualising Sustainability And Its Stability1590 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is sustainability? There is a Native American proverb which says: ‘When the last tree has been cut down, the last fish caught, the last river poisoned, only then will we realize that one cannot eat money’. Defining sustainability is a challenge itself, achieving it is even more arduous but what it is certain are the consequences of not acting sustainable. For too long the main goal of western countries has been profit, ignoring the long list of benefits deriving from acting sustainable. TheRead MoreThe Terms Of The Environment : Center For Sustainable Shale Development1107 Words   |  5 PagesIn terms of the environment, the media releases are more about the firms’ commitment to environment protection appeared as awards or technology innovation. For example, Schlumberger Ltd. (SLB) invests in a new form of wind po wer that uses high-altitude kites to produce energy (Financial Times, December 13, 2016). SLB also invests $23.5 million in Alphabet Energy to develop its Power Generating Combustor (PGC) system, which helps to reduce natural gas flaring (NGIs Shale Daily, July 13, 2016). CenterRead MoreSustainability Plan For A Small Towns878 Words   |  4 PagesI think it is very necessary for a small towns or business to consider a sustainability plan. For starters to see how much waste they are producing. By eliminating the amount of waste produced, they could save money and contribute to cleaning up the environment. For small towns resources are limited, having a sustainability plan set in place can extend the resources. For businesses having a sustainability plan can also help with limited resources and the reputation of the business. Some of the costRead MoreWhat Are The Five Main Mechanisms Of Sustainability?1251 Words   |  6 Pagesnot a buffet. This notion is utterly wrong as we literally are just as much of a piece of the environment as the wind and soil themselves. On a grand timeline, only recently did we begin to understand and practice the principle of sustainability. Today, untenable production methods, over consumption and an ever increasing population test our use of finite materials like never before. That’s all sustainability is really, reaching a reasonable balance between what makes us prosper as a society and ourRead MoreSustainability in Hawaii847 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture where economic and environmental needs can coexist in harmony. Sustainability calls for protection of our natural world for generations to come – this has always been the challenge of environmental stewardship. It is the responsibility of our generation and community to right some of our wrongs against nature , to learn to work together to seek common solutions, and to move forward embracing a new brand of sustainability: that of the future. Some argue that we face the most significant financial

Chinas Economic Reform - 1564 Words

China’s economic reform has attracted worldwide attention. From the early stage of mainly export-oriented industries with cheaper labour costs to more recent foreign investments aiming to tap the huge domestic market, China, especially eastern region has gradually opened up to the rest of the world. While this research study is not only of vital importance to China, but also meaningful to the FDI development efforts to the individual regions in other countries. This research provides the empirical evidence that GDP which proxies for the market size was a great attraction power for FDI in China. The labour quality and the level of infrastructure are positively connected with the FDI growth and become crucial determinants of the FDI distribution in eastern China.Besides,the degree of openness and labour costs show the negative relevance to the FDI in The twenty-first century is a century of intellectual competition; thus the human capital of knowledge, intelligence and labour quality will surely be crucial factors relative to FDI. Past studies (Bhagwati and Srinivasan, 1983; Sun et al., 2002)also found a correlation between the level of labour quality and FDI. The development of labour quality is a key point to both export-oriented FDI and market-seeking FDI. But on the Chinese mainland, for every 100,000 people, there are only 3,611 who have received a higher education and 11,146 ones who have received a secondary school education. There are 85 million illiterate peopleShow MoreRelatedChinas Survival of Crisis Due to Economic Reforms Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesChinas Survival of Crisis Due to Economic Reforms In the years before 1976, many unwise policies were carried out which brought China into a crisis of communism, or a state in which communism was threatened. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were specifically the main causes of the crisis of communism and the mastermind between these two movements, Mao Zedong, can be held responsible for their initiation. The Great Leap Forward was a great economicRead MoreDeng Xiaopings Economic Reform in China Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe goals of Deng Xiaoping’s economic reform were the ‘Four Modernizations’. This Four Modernization refers to the reform of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science technology. These reforms were to solve the problems of motivating workers and farmers to produce a larger surplus and to eliminate economic imbalances that were common in command economies. Deng Xiaoping felt that the quickest way to build a better China was to improve living conditions immediately, to give people theRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Chinese Post 90s Generation From Elder Generations735 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom elder generations, particularly the characteristics embedded in the working place. Unlike the West, where generational cohorts are broader, China’s rapid development means each generation exhibits its own distinct characteristics. Unlike previous generations, the post-90s generation has enjoyed fruits of rising Chinese economy, as a result of the reform and opening up of Chinese economy, proliferation of information technology, and remarkable increase in the family income. These all have fundamentalRead MoreThe collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the dawn of Chinese economic reform under Deng3000 Words   |  12 Pages1991 and the dawn of Chinese economic reform under Deng Xiaoping in 1978 promised to produce somewhat parallel long-term results for two of the world’s largest economies. Although China and Russia mirrored each other in the nature of the transitions they were undertaking at the time, their trajectories for future economic and political change are now diverging. Despite the fact that both China and post-soviet Russia would ultimatel y tip the scale away from central economic planning toward market basedRead MoreDeng Xiaoping : The Paramount Leader Of China1818 Words   |  8 Pages1976. He was able to become China’s de facto leader despite never actually holding the position as head of the Communist Party. Xiaoping formed a strategy that is referred to as Socialism with Chinese characteristics, in reference to the cat theory and stone theory, which allowed the Chinese economy to flourish and also increased the standard of living for millions of Chinese citizens. While originally deemed as a supplement to the state owned economy, the reform removed restrictions on the privateRead MoreA Touch Of Sin : An Action Based Film Documenting Modern Day Exploitation2487 Words   |  10 Pagesattempt to present China as a globalized economic power suffering due to the new and aggressive Cultural Revolution of consumerism and money worshipping. Jia Zhangke’s A Touch of Sin is a pessimistic, but truthful, representation of the social and human price of a ‘successful’ economic reform. Jia’s film tells the audience the world is not a pretty place, and the modern Chinese world requires more than â€Å"a touch of sin† to survive. The faced paced economic changes result in a few elites making itRead MoreAnalysis of Event Industry1035 Words   |  5 PagesCHINAS ECONOMY AFTER FIFTY YEARS: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT Thomas G. Rawski University of Pittsburgh September 1999 As the Peoples Republic of China celebrates its fiftieth anniversary, economists look back on a remarkable kaleidoscope of events and policy shifts that, despite episodes of vast suffering and waste, have brought enormous material benefits to Chinas teeming masses. The economy inherited by Chinas new Communist leaders in 1949 was overwhelmingly agrarian, ravaged by twelveRead MoreEconomic Transition of China1069 Words   |  5 Pagesof Mao Zedong in 1976, it became apparent to many of Chinas leaders that Economic reform was necessary. By 1978 Chinese leaders were searching for a solution to serious economic problems produced by Hua Guofeng, the man who had succeeded Mao Zedong as CCP leader after Maos death (Shirk 35). As Susan L. Shirk describes the situation in The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China, restoring the CCPs prestige required improving economic performance and raising living standards. After the communistRead MoreEconomics Hsc China Essay641 Words   |  3 P agesinfluences on all aspects of life and economic activity. Since 1978, the Chinese â€Å"tiger† economy has embarked on a process of social and economic reform designed to improve the quality of life of the population and open the economy to global integration. These strategies designed to promote economic growth and development include the Five Year Plan, FDI and trade policy, microeconomic reforms, welfare policy, environmental policies and macroeconomic policies. China’s Five Year Plan forms the basisRead MoreModernization Of The Nation s Government And Democracy Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesdemocracy, through the first two decades of reform after Chairman’s Mao death. These major reforms that redefined and shaped the nation’s government and democracy include†¦ Revitalization of State Sector and Socialism As previously mentioned, Chairman Mao had commenced considerable transformation of China through the Cultural Revolution and socialism a decade before his death. During the post-Mao era, one of the major reforms that transformed China’s government and democracy was an initiative designed

Coming for to carry me home Essay - 1549 Words

â€Å"If any one wishes to be impressed with the soul-killing effects of slavery, let him go to Colonel Lloyds plantation, and, on allowance-day, place himself in the deep pine woods, and there let him, in silence, analyze the sounds that shall pass through the chambers of his soul,--and if he is not thus impressed, it will only be because there is no flesh in his obdurate heart. Fredrick Douglass (Douglass 11). In his autobiography Twelve Years as a Slave, Solomon Northup, who was kidnapped and sold to slave masters, describes the brutality of slavery. In 1808, Northup was born free in Minerva, New York. His parents were farmers and he followed in his father’s footstep to become a farmer himself. He was living in Saratoga†¦show more content†¦When I first heard â€Å"Swing low Sweet Chariot†, it was hard for me to figure out the double message of the song. However, after I did some research on the meaning of the song, I was speechless. This song was sung by s lave African Americans on plantations who wanted to get their freedom back. The slaves used biblical metaphors to show their wish for a release from their masters and find a place where they could get their freedom. The lyrics of the song portray the desire of African American slaves to gain back their freedom and the strategies that they used to escape from the plantations. The song begins with the two repeated lines that describe the main ideas of the song and overall this verse is repeated three times throughout the song: â€Å"Swing Low Sweet Chariot, Coming for to carry me home.† In this verse the â€Å"Chariot† refers to the people who control the Underground Railroad. Thus, the singer is informing the slaves to be aware and prepare to escape (Jones 1). Throughout the song â€Å"Coming for to carry me home† is repeated in every verse. This represents the people who were against slavery. They were helping the slaves to get to the place where they can gain their freedom. The second verse describes the strategies that the slaves used to get to the UndergroundShow MoreRelatedKellie P. Tindley. Professor Tavel. March 07, 2017. English1492 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom the same drum as Negro Spirituals. Even in a person’s personal life there are times when your day, week, or month just aren’t going as well as expected and that one song comes out of thin air and it’s just what was needed to give you the will to carry on. In daily life there are times we feel mentally trapped by bosses and family; not finding the right words to talk t o love ones or even searching for directions in life. Well, Negro Spirituals were the antidote for slaves in a time when salvationRead MoreChristianity And African American Culture1710 Words   |  7 Pageshe spoke about in his book was when slave masters use to sit and read their bibles as the slaves were working. He said that while they were reading, the slaves would ask â€Å"What is that master?† and the slave owner would reply â€Å"the book is talking to me.† So, when the slave owner would leave, the slave would go pick up the book and put it to his ear to hear the book speak. While in Africa, their Christian belief was not molded by the words of a book, but rather the words of their ancestors. In theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 PagesVietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. T he first part of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states the how the lieutenant carries letters of a girlRead MoreFrederic Douglas Slave Songs884 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom in the sense of the land to the North, and freedom meaning death, the ultimate release from servitude. In the song, Before Id be a Slave (Oh Freedom) the chorus is as follows: Before Id be a slave Id be buried in my grave And go home to my Lord-- and be saved (Call and Response, pg 240). Without even needing explanation, these lines burn with the fact that if given the choice of dying or to continue living in enslavement, the outcome would be death. This has no happy tuneRead MoreMy First Day Of School Essay908 Words   |  4 Pagesfelt pity on myself. Tears started to run through my face while I squeez each corn to take out the water and try to hide it from mamang (My grandma). Only then I realize and ask myself where my parents are? I’m thinking that if only they are here with me then maybe I will be going to school too just like all the other students in our neighborhood. â€Å"Hurry up my dear before the sun is up†. My grandmother said. â€Å"Alright mamang, just three more left to go and I’m done†. I replied with a soft voice so sheRead MoreThe Themes Of African Americans967 Words   |  4 Pagesan escape to freedom. The first spiritual that demonstrates this is Swing Low Sweet Chariot. Lines 5-8 read, â€Å"I looked over Jordan and what did I see/ Coming for to carry me home/ A band of angels, coming after me, / Coming for to carry me home.† ‘Looked over Jordan’ is a reference to escaping to heaven. It is saying that the Lord will bring them home to heaven. Another spiritual called Gods a-Gonna Trouble the Water, it states in many lines â€Å"Wade in the water, children†. This is a communication ofRead MoreDreams As A Mode Of Freedom1611 Words   |  7 Pagesthis sentiment can be seen in the more famous Spiritual â€Å"Swing Low Sweet Chariot†: Swing low, sweet chariot Coming for to carry me home. Well, I m sometimes up and I m sometimes down Comin for to carry me home But I know my soul is heavenly bound Comin for to carry me home In the chorus, the narrator urges the chariot to carry him home, and that home is heaven. Referring to heaven as home implies dissatisfaction with the physical world. Therefore, heaven seems a much more hopeful place to beRead More Frederic Douglas Slave Songs Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesultimate release from servitude. In the song, â€Å"Before I’d be a Slave (Oh Freedom)† the chorus is as follows: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Before I’d be a slave nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I’d be buried in my grave nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;And go home to my Lord-- and be saved† (Call and Response, pg 240). Without even needing explanation, these lines burn with the fact that if given the choice of dying or to continue living in enslavement, the outcome would be death. This has no happy tune. ItRead MoreMy Life Of My Brother Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pages I have never talked about myself in written form- bare with me if there is no â€Å"introduction† as I feel like it would be best for me to just dive straight in. I am well aware of my privilege and how petty my problems are on the grand scale of things. Growing up, my brother was a symbol of stereotypical masculinity- older, muscular, emotionally non confrontative. The only thing he’d associate himself with me for is watching TV- we’d watch Survivorman together and talk about what we’d do ifRead MoreReview: Swing Low Sweet Chariot989 Words   |  4 Pagescreated in 1937 and depicts a rural home. Outside it appears that someone has come to visit, as there is a vehicle parked out front and a man standing at the doorway of the house. Inside the home it can be seen that someone has passed away and loved ones are mourning their loss. Above the home there is a spiritual battle taking place for the soul of the deceased. Light has parted the clouds and there is a horse driven chariot followed by a parade of angels coming down from above. The spirit itself

Business Plan For Entrepreneurship and Innovation Conditions

Question: An Entrepreneur who has had measurable success with at least one venture. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨The situation involved could be a new business venture, a new product or a new process but it should represent a significantly new direction for the entrepreneur and/or the organisation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Write a short report about what happened and how it confirms or disconfirms the principles in your textbook, emphasising: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ The historical background and environmental conditions that led to its emergence, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ A description of the approach, attitudes and behaviour towards the innovation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ The strategies that were employed and which ones contributed most to the innovations success. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Important Instructions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ Answer: Introduction Innovation is adopted by the entrepreneurs in order to bring changes into their business operations so that market cap can be increased. The innovation helps the entrepreneur to explore business opportunity in order to benefit the business and earn long term profitability (Barney, 2009). Therefore, the current study will be presenting a report which will be discussing the innovation made by the entrepreneur to gain better consumer base. For this report Spar Company has been chosen which took a decision to start the own brand packaged for organic food in the retail store in order to increase their profit level (Spar-international.com, 2015). Historical Background and Environmental Conditions The retail industry in UK is developing at an increasing pace and Spar Plc also operates in UK so that they can gain benefit from the retail industry of UK. The continuous rise in competition, many retail industries are adopting different kinds of strategies and innovation in their business approach so that they can cater the large customers (Barringer, 2010). The Spar Plc is facing stiff competition from different companies such as Morrison, Sainsbury and Waitrose. As a result, company is not able to win over their competitors in terms of market share. Moreover, the retail industry of Spar Plc is planning to adopt some innovative technique that can help in increasing the market share and gain better income from their retain chain (Clarke, 2010). From the data of April 2014, it can be found that customers in UK spend more than 27 billion for purchasing retail products. Retail Chain Market Share (%) Somerfield 1.02 Ice Land 1.5 LIDL 2 SPAR 5 ALDI 5.09 Waitrose 6.36 Marks and Spencer 7.05 Morrison 12 Sainsbury 13 ASDA 13 TESCO 24 It can be observed from the above table that market share of Spar Plc is very low which instigated the company to add new organic grocery section. Apart from that, as per London Chamber of Commerce report, around 41.3% of the consumers in UK are health freak and search for the products that are organic in nature. On the other hand, the market for organic packed grocery product has increased over the past years and this move has been adopted by other retail chain companies (Reddish, 2011). Therefore, it made the Spar Plc to concentrate on the organic product so that they can engage large customer base and generate better income. As per the recent studies, the retail chain like Tesco was able to increase their sales by 10% from organic products and Sainsbury by 4.5%. Therefore, it can be understood if Spar Plc engage them in organic grocery, they can also be able to increase their sales and sustainable market share (Pakroo, 2012). The growing complexity of health and rise of many healt h issues problem, customers prefer to buy the product that positively impact their health. Therefore, the demand for the organic packaged product have risen which made the company to add new section so that they can survive in the market and provide quality products to their customers all around (Morris et al. 2011). Approach, Attitudes and Behavior towards Innovation The growing need of health sustainability has forced the company, Spar Plc to implement new innovation that is organic packaged food product that can last for an average time. The research and development team of the company has found from their research that making innovation in the package can increase their sales. For instance, the Tesco Organic Barn Flakes package last for approx one and half months but if company launches their own organic package then it can store Barn Flakes for almost 2 months (Wilson and McDonald, 2011). Therefore, it can help the company to compete with their major competitors. On the other hand, launching own organic package brand can help in increasing the brand value and equity that can ensure better sales and profit (Smith, 2011). As per the research, the companys own package brand can be effective in safeguarding the food from external threats. External Environment Situations Protective Packaging Functions Mechanical Shock, compressive loads and vibration Compressive strength, vibration and shock absorption Light Transmission (high or low as needed) Biological Factors Resistance Water Absorption and Resistance (high water vapor obstruction) Temperature Thermal Conductivity (low or high as needed) Gases (O, N, CO2) Low permeability (high gas barricade) The company has decided to start their own packaged brand so that ecologically friendly product can be provided to the customers in more protective nature. The organic package of the Spar Plc Company can be easily recycle and on the other hand, company has decided to employ packaging materials in tertiary and secondary packs as they comprises high ratio of recycled materials. The management decided to concentrate build organic package so that they can be known as responsible corporate house towards the society and natural environment (Schoenecker and Cooper, 2010). On the other hand, company can be able to win over other organic food package brands such as Earth bound farm or Exotic Farm. The package brand of Spar Plc is strong and durable enough to safeguard the goods with a rational safety margin. For example, the Spar package can protect peas for 25 days whereas Earth bound package can only protect the peas for 20 days (Spar-international.com, 2015). The management of the company is positive in their behavior to support launching companys own organic package brand. The company decided that the proposed innovation has to be carried in expected manner and has to be different from other packaged brand available in the market. The company engaged all the senior level managers to put their view point towards launching their organic package brand (Augenti, 2010). As a result, the managers supported the move of the company as it can help in building image of the company in global scenario and more number of customers can become aware about the brand. The growing brand war for attracting customers has made company to change their behavior and approach to launch their own brand. Customers, today wants to store the product for longer time and in order to meet such specific requirement of customers, the company can focus on organic package that can help in drawing consumers (Barrow, 2011). Thus, it can improve the market share and assist in expansion. Strategy and implementation Marketing: The Spar Plc has taken decision to promote the organic package brand in order to make the consumer aware about their strategic step. On the other hand, initially, the marketer of the company studies the need of organic packaging and the company that are providing organic packaging service. This helped in knowing the competitors and the impact of their brand on customers (Rhyne, 2009). Moreover, company adopted follow-up marketing programs that can help in increasing the customers by providing them fresh and quality packaged product. Promotion: In order to promote their brand package, the company decided to show a benefit of their brand package on screen in their retail store so that customers can make distinction between Spar Plc brand and other brands (Ware et al. 2012). On the other hand, the company chose social media to advertise their innovation step so that it can reach out to large number of consumers. Sales and Pricing: The Company in order to increase the customer base and sales decided not to charge high price on packaging in comparison to other competitors. This can help in enhancing the package brand image for packaging organic food (Pakroo, 2012). The decision of not charging extra more above the product price came beneficial for the company as it helped in improving the sales percentage. Competitive edge: The decision to start own brand package was taken to gain competitive advantage. Through their brand package, the Spar Plc can be able to maintain the quality of the organic product for long duration as against their competitors. Moreover, company can turn out to be threat for the other company (Smith, 2011). On the other hand, if price charged for the package is less then it will increase the customer traffic. Sales Strategy: In order to satisfy the need of the customers, the company approached to develop own brand of package for storing and packaging the organic product (Wilson and McDonald, 2011). The company delivered the benefit of their package to consumers so that consumers can shift to their organic food products. Sales Forecast: If the company completely focuses on their brand package then company can be able to increase their sales that can benefit the company to have a long term effect. Month Sales ( approx) 1 25000 2 27000 3 30500 4 33000 5 36500 6 40000 7 41000 8 43500 9 45000 10 47500 11 48500 12 50000 Year Sales ( approx) 1 467500 2 518500 3 586000 4 645000 5 696300 Website marketing strategy: This strategy was developed by the company in order to inform the customers about the recent move of the company. The website will provide information about the organic food product that is packaged by the company itself. On the other hand, the customers can be able to know the how long the organic food can be stored in the companys package. Moreover, the consumers can know the number of items that has label of the company. Therefore, this would help in increasing the customer engagement and improving the brand awareness of the company. Apart from that, in order to design specific website, the company hired web design company so that necessary adjustment can be made regarding the brand package in more efficient and attractable manner. Management In order to manage different activities of the company, the top level manager of company decided to segment managers of different segments so that work can be carried in successful way. The company formed different team for handling the new process approach of the company. One of the team members was made responsible for handling daily operations and staffing. On the other hand, one was allocated the job of bookkeeper and administrator whose role is to keep track of payment of taxes, payroll and bookkeeping. On the other hand, for tracking the growth of brand package, company hired one person so that the company can know whether people are interested towards it or not. Personnel Plan Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Owners or Managers 49000 49000 53000 56000 56000 Clerks 24500 24500 24500 26300 26300 Accounting or Books 2800 3700 5000 6200 7100 Product Packaging 6800 8200 10200 11600 13400 Total People 5 7 7 9 9 83100 785400 92700 100100 102800 Financial Plan The company expected that in the initial phase of introduction of own brand package; the company may suffer loss as customer may not be aware of their brand package. After some period of time customer can become aware that can lead to increase in sales and profit of the company will also increase. On the other hand, in order to finance their proposal, company can generate cash from banks as a loan for financing their activities. This would help in meeting the need of the company and receiving enough package material for the packaging purpose. Therefore, if the brand package goes successful then the company may able to increase their market cap and customer can prefer buying product that has been packaged by Spar Plc. This would increase the customer mobility and company can generate income that can cover their cost. Break Even Analysis: The Spar Plc has consider the break-even point on the basis of monthly revenue which comprises rent, cost of goods sold, payroll, operating costs, etc. BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS Monthly Revenue Break-even point 33692 Average Variable Cost 60% Determined Monthly Fixed Cost 13477 Forecasted Profit and Loss Month Profit or Loss () 1 (3100) 2 (1600) 3 990 4 1800 5 2600 6 2850 7 3000 8 3250 9 3400 10 3625 11 3800 12 4300 Projected Cash Flow Month Net Cash Flow () Cash Balance () 1 18000 27000 2 21000 26000 3 20000 28000 4 18000 27000 5 16500 30000 6 15500 32500 7 13000 35000 8 11500 36500 9 13000 35000 10 13500 34000 11 12000 36000 12 10000 39000 Projected Balance Sheet PARTICULARS Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Current Assets 65970 92563 108500 153000 195500 Long Term Assets 82565 106322 186510 215960 326520 Current Liabilities 19545 31215 33514 35110 31000 Long Term Liabilities 87725 73662 68520 63250 58950 It can be observed from the above tables that company, Spar Plc can gain large benefit from their own brand of packaging in five years. Moreover, the company can be able to increase their sales that can be helpful in increasing the customer attention and generating new customers. On the other hand, the company can give tough competition to other brand package company. Therefore, it can be effective for winning the customer and market share. Conclusion From the whole study, it can be concluded that company can be able to provide better and quality service to the customers in terms of packaging. The launch of new brand package by the company itself can largely benefit the company in context to sales and income and generating better customer base. On the other hand, the rising need of sustainable packaging has made the Spar Plc to develop new packaging that can keep the organic food for long time and fresh. References Augenti, L. (2010) How to Start a Home-Based Personal Trainer Business, 4th ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Barney, J. B. (2009) 'Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy, Management Science 32(1), pp. 1231-1241 Barringer, B. (2010) Managing Your New Business' Finances, 4th ed. New Jersey: Person Education Barrow, C. (2011) Practical Financial Management: A Guide to Business planning and budgeting, 8th ed. London: Kogan Page Limited Clarke, G. (2010) Business Start Up and Future Planning, Bringhton: Emerald Publishing Morris, M., Schindehutte, M. and Allen, J. (2011) The entrepreneurs business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research, 58: 726-735. Pakroo, P. H. (2012) The Small Business Start-Up Kit: A Step-By-Step Legal Guide, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Reddish, A. T. (2011) Business Plan for GitFit Training Fitness Services, California State Polytechnic University Rhyne, L. C. (2009) The relationship of strategic planning to financial performance, Strategic Management Journal, 4, 319-337 Schoenecker, T. S. and Cooper, A. C. (2010) The role of à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rms resources and organizational attributes in determining entry timing: A cross industry study, Strategic Management Journal, 19, 11271143. Smith, T. (2011) Pricing Strategy: Setting Price Levels, Managing Price Discounts establishing price structures, 5th ed. Liverpool: Harper Press Spar-international.com, (2015). SPAR International - International Expansion. [online] Available at: https://www.spar-international.com/aboutsparinternational/new-country-development [Accessed 16 Jan. 2015]. Ware, C., Bamford, C. and Bruton, G. (2012) Business Management for the Personal Fitness Trainer, 3rd ed. New York: Free Press Wilson, H. and McDonald, M. (2011) Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them. 5th ed. London: Chapman and Hall.

Human Genetic Engineering Essay Example For Students

Human Genetic Engineering Essay Bioengineering, or genetic engineering is an altering of genes in a particularspecies for a particular outcome. It involves taking genes from their normallocation in one organism and either transferring them elsewhere or putting themback into the original organism in different combinations. Most biomoleculesexist in low concentrations and as complex, mixed populations which it is notpossible to work efficiently. This problem was solved in 1970 using a bug,Escherichia coli, a normally innocuous commensal occupant of the human gut. Byinserting a piece of DNA of interest into a vector molecule, a molecule with abacterial origin of replication, when the whole recombinant construction isintroduced into a bacterial colonies all derived from a single original cellbearing the recombinant vector, in a short time a large amount of DNA ofinterest is produced. This can be purified from contaminating bacterial DNAeasily and the resulting product is said to have been cloned. So far, scientists have used genetic engineering to produce, for example: improve vaccines against animal diseases such as footrot and pig scours; purehuman products such as insulin, and human growth hormone in commercialquantities; existing antibiotics by more economical methods; new kinds ofantibiotics not otherwise available; plants with resistance to some pesticides,insects and diseases; plants with improved nutritional qualities to enhancelivestock productivity. Methods: Manipulation of the Gene pool, which is related to Hybridization which is thebreeding of species but the species are not the same but they are related. Chain reaction is the production of many identical copies of a particular DNAfragment. The utility of cloning is important, it provides the ability to determine thegenetic organization of particular regions or whole genome. However, it alsofacilitates the production of naturally-occurring and artificially-modifiedbiological products by the expression of cloned genes. Insertion of selectablemarker genes to pick out recombinant molecules containing foreign inserts Removal or creation of useful sites for cloning Insertion of sequences whichnot only allow but greatly increase the expression of cloned genes in bacterial,animal and plant cells. The ability to take a gene from one organism (e.g. manor tree), clone E. coli and express it in another (e.g. a yeast) is dependent onthe universality of the genetic code, i.e. the triplets of bases which encodeamino acids in proteins:Category: Science

Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft Essay Example

Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft Paper Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft were both born in the 18th century, within 47 years of each other, and both were regarded as important philosophical thinkers of their time. Jean Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland in 1712; his father was a watchmaker and his mother died while giving birth to him. His father Isaac, who taught him to read, and appreciate the countryside, consequently brought up Rousseau. His father had to leave Geneva when Rousseau was 10 years old to avoid going to prison; he was then brought up by his aunt and later by an uncle. In his writings The Confessions he recalls only happy memories of his childhood, although to the reader it does have some strange features such as not being allowed to play with children of his own age, Never once, until I left my fathers house, was I allowed to run out alone into the road with the other children (The Confessions: Book 1, 1953, pp21). When Rousseaus father had to leave Switzerland, he was put into the care of his Uncle Bernard, who had a son of Rousseaus age. Together they were sent to a place called Bossey to board with a pastor called M. Lambercier, for an education. Up until this point Rousseau had had a childhood with no formal education at all. Rousseau also recalls his time at Bossey with fond memories, and claims; The manner of my life at Bossey suited me so well that if only it had lasted longer it could not have failed to fix my character for ever. (The Confessions: Book 1, 1953, pp25). After leaving Bossey and spending a few years living with his uncle, he was sent at the age of thirteen to be an apprentice engraver. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He lived here for about three years before running away at the age of sixteen to travel across Europe, where he becomes a Catholic briefly before converting back to Protestantism. Rousseau ended up in Paris, leading a somewhat unsettled life, where he eventually died in 1778. He left behind him a cult following, his name and writings became infamous during the French revolution. Mary Wollstonecraft was born in 1759 to John Edward Wollstonecraft, who was a tyrant and a bully, and Elizabeth Dixon. She was the second child of six. She had an elder brother; Edward and four other siblings were born after her, James, Charles, Eliza and Everina. They were brought up as Anglicans. Wollstonecrafts paternal grandfather owned a silk weaving business, and her maternal grandfather was a wine merchant. In 1765 her paternal grandfather died leaving the silk weaving business to her father. However her father was a bit of a snob and he didnt care very much for being a tradesman, so he took the money from the business and invested in farming. This had disastrous consequences as her father knew nothing of farming, and the family spent their time moving from one farm to another, leaving their debts behind them. Between the years 1759 and 1776 they had moved about the country on numerous occasions and tried their hand at farming at places such as Epping, Whalebone, Essex, Yorkshire and Wales. By the end of the 1770s the family fortune was at very low ebb. In 1775 Mary Wollstonecraft met Francis (Fanny) Blood, who became her closet friend and companion until her death in 1785. Her mother died in 1782, and in 1784 Mary Wollstonecraft, her sister Eliza, and Fanny opened a new school in Islington, where they were joined by her other sister Everina. After Fanny Bloods death Wollstonecraft returned to find the school had suffered in her absence, so she closed it and turned her mind to writing by way of making a living. In 1786 she earned herself ten pounds after her first publication, which was a pamphlet entitled Thoughts on the Education of Daughters. Mary Wollstonecrafts life was changed, as was most of the world, by the French Revolution in 1789, and went to live in Paris in 1792 to witness first hand the effects of the French revolution. Wollstonecraft went on to produce many more important writings during her lifetime, one of her most famous being A vindication of the rights of women. Wollstonecraft died on 10th September 1797 of childbed fever 11 days after her second child was born. In 1798 William Godwin, her husband published a book called Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft, which seemed to have a negative effect on her popularity. Jean-Jacques Rousseaus ideas on childhood and education were considered quite revolutionary at the time, and even today they continue to be quite controversial. Rousseau was famous for being a social critic; he felt that social life corrupted human nature. Rousseau strongly believed that: We are all born good, but civilisation turns us all into moral slaves. (Lecture notes, 13/10/03) It is upon this belief that Rousseau wrote one of his most controversial pieces in 1762, which was a novel called Emile. This book was based on Rousseaus thoughts that people developed through various stages and that different forms of education may be suitable to each specific stage. Rousseau alleged it was possible to sustain the original nature of the child by careful control of his education and environment. This was done through a close investigation of the different physical and emotional stages through which the child passed from birth through to maturity. Geraint Parry mentions in the book Emile: Learning to Be Men, Women, and Citizens that: It is intended to portray an ideal of education that is as close to nature as it is possible to attain in the world as we now find it. (The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau, 2001, pp249) In Emile, Rousseau divides the childs development into five stages, and a book is devoted to each. The five stages are: Stage one Infancy (birth to two years), Stage two The age of Nature (Two to Twelve years), Stage three Pre-adolescence (Twelve to Fifteen years), Stage four Puberty (Fifteen to Twenty years) and Stage five Adulthood (Twenty to Twenty Five years). (www. infed. org) The books that are most fundamental to Rousseaus belief of childhood being a crucial phase of self-development are books one, two and three. Rousseau attempts to show the reader how a persons self-development can be determined by the way he is educated in his childhood. Rousseaus belief that society was corrupt fuelled his ideas on education. Geraint Parry mentions in Emile: Learning to be Men, Women, and Citizens that The significance of education for Rousseau is that it seems to offer a means of solving one of the central dilemmas of his social and political thought. A fundamental objective is to create a virtuous circle in which transformed human beings could live in a transformed society (The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau, 2001,pp248) Rousseau says in book one of Emile: We are born sensitive and from our birth onwards we are affected in various ways by our environment. As soon as we become conscious of our sensations we tend to seek or shun the things that cause them, at first because they are pleasant or unpleasant, then because they suit us or not, and last because of judgements formed by means of the ideas of happiness and goodness which reason gives us. (Emile, 2003, pp7) Rousseau backs this idea up when he writes his Confessions later in his life when he recalls some of his childhood memories, one in particular of his time at Bossey when he was chastised by Mlle Lambercier for a wrong doing and found that the experience of being beaten by her wasnt as bad as he had first thought it would be, and he goes on to say: Who could have supposed that this childish punishment, received at the age of eight at the hands of a woman of thirty, would determine my tastes and desires, my passions, my very self for the rest of my life,.. (The Confessions, book one, Penguin 1953, pp26) It is clear from Rousseaus writings that he strongly believed that Childhood is a crucial phase of self-development. Much of his work was read and admired by Mary Wollstonecraft. She was born nearly fifty years after Rousseau, but his writings on education were something that Wollstonecraft admired: the ideas she had begun to acquire about education, filtered down from Rousseau (The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft, Claire Tomalin, Penguin 1992, pp49) Wollstonecraft was seen as very insightful, in the sense that she longed to bridge the gap between mankinds present circumstance and an ultimate perfection. She was beyond doubt, a child of the French revolution. She saw a new age of reason and compassion close at hand. Wollstonecraft, in her writings, attempted to undertake the huge task of helping other women. Helping them to fight for a better education did this. Which in turn helped them to achieve a better life, not just for themselves, but also for their children and even their husbands. In reality it took more than a century before society sat up and took notice of her beliefs and put her views into effect. Mary Wollstonecrafts experience in childhood and as a young woman, in a class-bound and male-dominated society, influenced and shaped the ideas she would later develop into a feminist argument. (A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Penguin 1992, pp2) It is possible to see that Wollstonecrafts own childhood experiences have shaped her beliefs on childhood as a crucial phase of self-development. Unlike Rousseau, however Wollstonecraft is primarily concerned with the childhood and education of females. This is because in 1784 she opens a school for girls in Newington Green, near Islington. Wollstonecraft quickly became convinced that the young women they were trying to teach had already effectively been enslaved into submissiveness to men through their previous social training. As there were no qualifications that were needed to become a teacher sadly this venture failed, but it did lead her to start writing about her ideas on childhood and education, especially for women and girls. In 1786 Wollstonecraft was published for the first time. She earned herself ten pounds from the publication of a pamphlet called, Thoughts on the Education of Daughters. In this publication she proposed to intentionally explore the enlightenment ideals to include education for women; because she believed their rational natures were no less capable of intellectual achievement than were those of men. Wollstonecraft was for a short time a Governess to the Kingsborough family in Ireland. The position of a Governess was a hard one. She was employed to bring up the children of the Kingsborough family. Wollstonecrafts experiences in her childhood and as a young adult no doubtedly had an effect on her ideas about childhood being a crucial phase of self-development. In the introduction to A Vindication of the Rights of Woman it states; Mary Wollstonecraft may have been recalling her own childhood when her narrator in Maria The Wrongs of Woman says that her mother was a vague and uncertain figure. She seemed to dote on her oldest son, a boy, (Penguin 1992, pp3) it is clear from this quote that Wollstonecrafts childhood experiences, especially those with her mother and father have stayed with her into her adult life. It has shaped her very ideas and thoughts on how parents should show affection and bring up their children. She has dedicated a whole chapter to Parental Affection in her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Wollstonecraft writes very clearly about parental affection, and she also makes it clear where she believes parents are going wrong with their children; Parents often love their children in the most brutal manner, and sacrifice every relative duty to promote their advancement into the world. (Penguin 1992, pp270), Wollstonecraft is trying to make the point to her readers that the child will only suffer if it is brought up in this manner. The parents will rob the child of the vital stage of having a proper childhood if they neglect everything else while pushing their children to become the child genius they dream of them becoming. Wollstonecraft goes on later in the chapter to describe the qualities of a good mother, which she lists as; To be a good mother, a woman must have sense, and that independence of mind which few women possess who are taught to depend entirely on their husbands. (A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Penguin 1992, pp272), Wollstonecraft is trying to reiterate that to have any hope of being a good effective mother, a woman must be in possession of good sense and have her own mind. A woman must also be independent from her husband, Wollstonecraft felt that if a woman relied too much on her husband it would effect her abilities as a mother, this is backed up by what she states later in the chapter; Meek wives are, in general, foolish mothers; wanting their children to love them best, and take their part, in secret, against the father, who is held up as a scarecrow. (A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Penguin 1992, pp272). In conclusion it is clear to see from both Jean-Jacques Rousseaus and Mary Wollstonecrafts writings that they both believed that childhood was a crucial phase in a persons self-development. It was important for them to try to relate their beliefs to the general public which is why they emphasise it in their books, and also the reason that they write about it so successfully is because of their own personal experiences in their own childhood which seems to have provided them with a solid base to work upon in their adult life.